Pygmalion Effect

Studies have shown the significance of a positive learning environment and its impact on student achievement (Ali & Siddiqui, 2016). When students’ needs are met, and they are prepared to learn, they can learn at high levels. Building positive relationships with students is an effective strategy (Ashley, 2016). Students will rise to the expectation when relationships are fostered with the adults and staff based on trust and mutual respect (Balkar, 2015). 

This was clearly displayed in the Rosenthal and Jacobson study (1968), in which teachers expected better performance from the students and enhanced student performance. This effect was then titled the Rosenthal effect and soon became known as the Pygmalion Effect, after a Greek sculptor fell in love with his masterpiece and willed it to life (Salkind, 2010). Though the phenomenon that higher expectations lead to increased performance has shown a positive correlation in subsequent studies (Howard, Li-Ping, & Austin, 2015), it has been difficult to replicate the original Rosenthal-Jacobson study. The reasoning is that once higher expectations are employed by the teachers, the subjects are changed to a degree that cannot be accounted for in the study (Rubovits & Maehr, 1971). In conjunction with the principles of social learning theory and other theoretical frameworks, the school culture of high expectation could have a significant impact through the premises of the Pygmalion effect phenomenon. 

I have experienced the power of belief in the classroom and in extracurricular sports as a coach. The will to win can be much greater that the desire not to lose. As a football fan, I saw this played out in person at the 1981 NFC Championship game. The game was played between the premier team of the NFC since 1970 and game favorite Dallas Cowboys against the San Francisco 49ers. The 49ers were never supposed to win, but that is why the games are played. 

The game is lauded in history as one of the greatest because of the excitement behind ‘The Catch’ that receiver Dwight Clark made in the back of the end zone. Amid a massive rush by the Dallas Cowboys defensive front, 49ers quarterback Joe Montana scrambled for time to throw. As he rolled out to his right, he found Dwight Clark in the back of the end zone and threw the ball high. His thinking was to throw it so only one guy could catch it. Dwight Clark jumped and pulled the ball down landing in the endzone. The touchdown gave the 49ers a 28-27 lead with 51 seconds remaining on the game clock. Though the game was not over, the defense could hold the Cowboys and run out the clock. 

Throughout the years the legends and myths of the game have grown. One in particular credits the Dallas Cowboys owner as saying, “The 49ers played to win, the Cowboys played to not lose. That was the difference.” Whether he said it or not, the outcome remained. The 49ers believed they could do it, and they did. 

History tells us ‘The Catch’ symbolized the end of the Cowboys' domination and the beginning of the 49ers' rise as an NFL dynasty in the 1980s. After years of playing poorly and being one of the NFL’s worst teams, the 49ers has arrived. The head coach, Bill Walsh, not only found some overlooked players in the NFL draft, but he instilled in his players a belief that they could win. He built a culture that has become a model for other organizations, based on a belief in success. 

Until next time...